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primary antibodies against melanopsin  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Structured Review

    Thermo Fisher primary antibodies against melanopsin
    The effect of BLD on the <t>melanopsin</t> pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)
    Primary Antibodies Against Melanopsin, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/primary+melanopsin+antibody/primary+antibodies+against+melanopsin/pmc07156555-123-23-26
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    primary antibodies against melanopsin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Blue Light Deprivation Produces Depression-Like Responses in Mongolian Gerbils"

    Article Title: Blue Light Deprivation Produces Depression-Like Responses in Mongolian Gerbils

    Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry

    doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00233

    The effect of BLD on the melanopsin pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)
    Figure Legend Snippet: The effect of BLD on the melanopsin pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Related Articles

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Loss of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model
    Article Snippet: .. The free-floating retinas were first blocked with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum albumin for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity Bioreagents, Golden, CO) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/10% bovine serum albumin for 48 hours at 4°C. .. After three washes in PBS of 15 minutes each, the fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 488 goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) was applied to the sample as previously described, except that incubation was for 2 hours at 37°C.

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice
    Article Snippet: .. The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C. .. After three washes in PBS of 15 minutes each, the fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 488 goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) was applied to the sample as previously described, except that incubation was for 2 hours at room temperature.

    Article Title: Method and device for monitoring retinopathy
    Article Snippet: .. The free-floating retinas were first blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity Bioreagents, Golden, Col.) at 1:200 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/3% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4° C. After three washes in PBS of 15 minutes each, the fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 594 goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G; Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg., USA) was applied to the sample as previously described, except that incubation was for 2 hours at 37° C. The retinas were washed again as described above, flat mounted onto glass slides and coverslips were applied using Vect Mount Permanent Mounting Medium. (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif., USA). ..

    Article Title: Quantitative analysis of pupillary light reflex by real-time autofluorescent imaging in a diabetic mouse model.
    Article Snippet: Here we (i) introduce a novel laser-based quantitative method of measuring pupillary light reflex (PLR) and applied it for the in vivo PLR monitoring of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a mouse model, (ii) investigate if melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) are implicated in the early progression of DR and, if so, is there an impact on PLR and (iii) determine if changes in PLR precede the onset of retinal hypoperfusion.. A base-line PLR measurement is captured from C57BL/6J wild type mice followed by a single intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and citrate buffer (vehicle) for the “diabetic” (n1⁄4 5) and “control” (n1⁄4 5) mice respectively, the very next day.. PLR measurements are repeated once a week for four weeks.

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice
    Article Snippet: .. The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C. .. After three washes in PBS of 15 minutes each, the fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 488 goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) was applied to the sample as previously described, except that incubation was for 2 hours at room temperature.

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Method and device for monitoring retinopathy
    Article Snippet: .. The free-floating retinas were first blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity Bioreagents, Golden, Col.) at 1:200 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/3% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4° C. After three washes in PBS of 15 minutes each, the fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 594 goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G; Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg., USA) was applied to the sample as previously described, except that incubation was for 2 hours at 37° C. The retinas were washed again as described above, flat mounted onto glass slides and coverslips were applied using Vect Mount Permanent Mounting Medium. (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif., USA). ..



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    The effect of BLD on the <t>melanopsin</t> pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)
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    The effect of BLD on the <t>melanopsin</t> pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)
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    Image Search Results


    Light aversion and pupillary light reflex in mature and old adult mice. ( A ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice. ( B ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice by sex. ( C ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons. ( D ) Pupillary light reflex in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice and mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons. ( E ) Pupillary light reflex in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice and mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons by sex. For light aversion in wild-type mice, there was a significant main effect of age ( P = 0.03; F 1,166 = 5.02) and of eye drops ( P < 0.0001; F 1,166 = 24.68), but no interaction ( P = 0.50; F 1,166 = 0.45). No effect of sex was observed. For light aversion in the OPN4 dta/dta mice, there was a significant main effect of age ( P = 0.01; F 1,76 = 6.38) but not of eye drops ( P = 0.32; F 1,76 = 1.01) and no interaction ( P = 0.13; F 1,76 = 2.39). No effect of sex was observed. For pupillometry in wild-type mice, there was a significant main effect of genotype ( P < 0.00001; F 1,90 = 84.58) but not of age ( P = 0.91; F 1,24 = 0.011) and no interaction ( P = 0.76; F 1,24 = 0.10). No effect of sex was observed.

    Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

    Article Title: Preservation of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) in Late Adult Mice: Implications as a Potential Biomarker for Early Onset Ocular Degenerative Diseases

    doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.28

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light aversion and pupillary light reflex in mature and old adult mice. ( A ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice. ( B ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice by sex. ( C ) Light aversion tested at 1000 lux with and without atropine eye drops in 6- and 12-month-old mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons. ( D ) Pupillary light reflex in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice and mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons. ( E ) Pupillary light reflex in 6- and 12-month-old wild-type mice and mice lacking melanopsin-expressing neurons by sex. For light aversion in wild-type mice, there was a significant main effect of age ( P = 0.03; F 1,166 = 5.02) and of eye drops ( P < 0.0001; F 1,166 = 24.68), but no interaction ( P = 0.50; F 1,166 = 0.45). No effect of sex was observed. For light aversion in the OPN4 dta/dta mice, there was a significant main effect of age ( P = 0.01; F 1,76 = 6.38) but not of eye drops ( P = 0.32; F 1,76 = 1.01) and no interaction ( P = 0.13; F 1,76 = 2.39). No effect of sex was observed. For pupillometry in wild-type mice, there was a significant main effect of genotype ( P < 0.00001; F 1,90 = 84.58) but not of age ( P = 0.91; F 1,24 = 0.011) and no interaction ( P = 0.76; F 1,24 = 0.10). No effect of sex was observed.

    Article Snippet: Retinas were removed from the blocking solution and subsequently incubated in anti-melanopsin primary antibodies (1:1000, AB-N39; Advanced Targeting Systems, San Diego, CA, USA) for 7 days at 4°C.

    Techniques: Eye Drops, Expressing

    Dendritic structure and densities of M1 cells in male and female retinas in the GCL and INL. ( A ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old male wild-type retinas in the GCL. ( B ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old male wild-type retinas in the INL. ( C ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells at 6 and 12 months of age in the GCL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( D ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the INL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( P < 0.05). ( E ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old female wild-type retinas in the GCL. ( F ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old female wild-type retinas in the INL. ( G ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the GCL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( H ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the INL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density ( P < 0.05). Scale bar : 50 µm ( A , B , E , F ).

    Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

    Article Title: Preservation of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) in Late Adult Mice: Implications as a Potential Biomarker for Early Onset Ocular Degenerative Diseases

    doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.28

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendritic structure and densities of M1 cells in male and female retinas in the GCL and INL. ( A ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old male wild-type retinas in the GCL. ( B ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old male wild-type retinas in the INL. ( C ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells at 6 and 12 months of age in the GCL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( D ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the INL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( P < 0.05). ( E ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old female wild-type retinas in the GCL. ( F ) Melanopsin staining in 6- and 12-month-old female wild-type retinas in the INL. ( G ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the GCL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density. ( H ) Quantification of morphological parameters examined for M1 cells in 6- and 12-month-old retinas in the INL. No significant differences were found in dendritic length, number of branch points, number of crossings in a Sholl analysis, or density ( P < 0.05). Scale bar : 50 µm ( A , B , E , F ).

    Article Snippet: Retinas were removed from the blocking solution and subsequently incubated in anti-melanopsin primary antibodies (1:1000, AB-N39; Advanced Targeting Systems, San Diego, CA, USA) for 7 days at 4°C.

    Techniques: Staining

    The effect of BLD on the melanopsin pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)

    Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry

    Article Title: Blue Light Deprivation Produces Depression-Like Responses in Mongolian Gerbils

    doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00233

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of BLD on the melanopsin pathway in the retina. (A) , Relative mRNA expression of OPN4, c-fos and trpc3 ; (B) , Relative protein expression of the melanopsin pathway in the retina; (C – G) , Protein expression of melanopsin, PKCα/p-PKCα, c-Fos and PKAα. (n=8, * p < 0.05 compared to NL. OPN4, the mRNA of melanopsin.)

    Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% (w/v) skim milk, washed three times with Tris‐buffered saline and Tween 20, and then incubated with primary antibodies against melanopsin (Thermo Fisher, USA), TPH2/DDC/MAOA/PKAα/PKCα (CST, USA), β‐actin (CST, USA), CRH/p-PKCα (T497) (Abcam, UK) and c-Fos (Abcam, UK) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Expressing

    The ipRGCs could be immunohistochemically labeled using antibodies against melanopsin. (a) The laser scanning confocal view of ipRGCs in flat-mounted retina, showing melanopsin immunoreactivity and cell morphology. Bar = 75 μ m. (b) The bar graph comparing the numbers of ipRGCs per visual field (200x magnification) among the rd mice at different ages. The differences in the number of ipRGCs were not statistically significant (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P > 0.05).

    Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice

    doi: 10.1155/2017/6804853

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ipRGCs could be immunohistochemically labeled using antibodies against melanopsin. (a) The laser scanning confocal view of ipRGCs in flat-mounted retina, showing melanopsin immunoreactivity and cell morphology. Bar = 75 μ m. (b) The bar graph comparing the numbers of ipRGCs per visual field (200x magnification) among the rd mice at different ages. The differences in the number of ipRGCs were not statistically significant (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P > 0.05).

    Article Snippet: The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C.

    Techniques: Labeling, Comparison

    Intravitreal injection of melanopsin-SAP led to partial ablation of ipRGCs in a dose-dependent manner. (a) Immunohistochemically labeled ipRGCs using antibodies against melanopsin and comparison of the number of ipRGCs on flat-mounted retina following intravitreal injection of immunotoxin melanopsin-SAP in rd mice. (A–C) The number of ipRGCs per visual field (200x magnification) on flat-mounted retinas in different dose groups; (D–F) the results of the control eyes (PBS injection group). As the dose of melanopsin-SAP increased, the number of melanopsin-positive cells in the experimental eye decreased, while that in the control eye remained the same. Bar = 250 μ m. (b) Analysis of the survival rate of ipRGCs after immunotoxin injection. The ipRGC survival rate was defined as (ipRGC number of experimental eye)/(ipRGC number of control eye) × 100%. The survival rate of ipRGCs was significantly reduced in the 200 ng/ μ l and 400 ng/ μ l groups when compared with the 100 ng/ μ l group (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P < 0.01). But the difference between the 200 ng/ μ l group and the 400 ng/ μ l group was not statistically significant (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P = 0.933). ∗ P < 0.01.

    Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice

    doi: 10.1155/2017/6804853

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Intravitreal injection of melanopsin-SAP led to partial ablation of ipRGCs in a dose-dependent manner. (a) Immunohistochemically labeled ipRGCs using antibodies against melanopsin and comparison of the number of ipRGCs on flat-mounted retina following intravitreal injection of immunotoxin melanopsin-SAP in rd mice. (A–C) The number of ipRGCs per visual field (200x magnification) on flat-mounted retinas in different dose groups; (D–F) the results of the control eyes (PBS injection group). As the dose of melanopsin-SAP increased, the number of melanopsin-positive cells in the experimental eye decreased, while that in the control eye remained the same. Bar = 250 μ m. (b) Analysis of the survival rate of ipRGCs after immunotoxin injection. The ipRGC survival rate was defined as (ipRGC number of experimental eye)/(ipRGC number of control eye) × 100%. The survival rate of ipRGCs was significantly reduced in the 200 ng/ μ l and 400 ng/ μ l groups when compared with the 100 ng/ μ l group (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P < 0.01). But the difference between the 200 ng/ μ l group and the 400 ng/ μ l group was not statistically significant (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, P = 0.933). ∗ P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C.

    Techniques: Injection, Labeling, Comparison, Control

    The morphological examination of retinal sections after injection of melanopsin-SAP immunotoxin in rd mice. (a) Photomicrographs of 8 μ m paraffin sections of retina were used for H&E staining. No significant morphological differences were observed between the highest dose group and the control group. Bar = 100 μ m. (IPL = inner plexiform layer; INL = inner nucleus layer; GCL = ganglion cell layer). (b) The thickness of the INL was measured using IPP software (pixel). The difference in the INL thickness between the highest dose group and the control group was not statistically significant (independent sample t -test, P > 0.05).

    Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice

    doi: 10.1155/2017/6804853

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The morphological examination of retinal sections after injection of melanopsin-SAP immunotoxin in rd mice. (a) Photomicrographs of 8 μ m paraffin sections of retina were used for H&E staining. No significant morphological differences were observed between the highest dose group and the control group. Bar = 100 μ m. (IPL = inner plexiform layer; INL = inner nucleus layer; GCL = ganglion cell layer). (b) The thickness of the INL was measured using IPP software (pixel). The difference in the INL thickness between the highest dose group and the control group was not statistically significant (independent sample t -test, P > 0.05).

    Article Snippet: The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C.

    Techniques: Injection, Staining, Control, Software

    Entrainment and wheel-running periods of rd mice after injection of melanopsin-SAP immunotoxin. The bar below the actograms indicates the light (white) and dark (black) periods, and the light and dark periods are indicated by white and gray backgrounds, respectively. When the light/dark cycle was delayed by 8 h, (a) the rd mice in the PBS control group were capable of reentraining to the light/dark cycle, and they took 4.67 ± 0.79 days to complete the synchronization with the shifted cycle. (b) The rd mice in the 100 ng/ μ l group and (c) the rd mice in the 200 ng/ μ l group required 7.90 ± 0.55 days and 11.00 ± 0.79 days to complete the synchronization with the new light/dark cycle, respectively, indicating slower reentrainment. (d) The wild-type mice took 3.67 ± 0.29 days to complete the synchronization with the shifted cycle, and the locomotor activity of the wild-type mice was more robust than that of the rd mice. ∗ represents the day delay in the time of lights on and lights off. (e) The differences in the number of days needed for reentrainment were not statistically significant between the rd mice in the PBS control group and the wild-type group (two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's LSD post hoc test, P > 0.05). The number of days required for reentrainment were significantly increased in the 100 ng/ μ l and 200 ng/ μ l groups when compared with the PBS control group (two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's LSD post hoc test, P < 0.01). ∗ P < 0.01.

    Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology

    Article Title: Regulation of Reentrainment Function Is Dependent on a Certain Minimal Number of Intact Functional ipRGCs in rd Mice

    doi: 10.1155/2017/6804853

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Entrainment and wheel-running periods of rd mice after injection of melanopsin-SAP immunotoxin. The bar below the actograms indicates the light (white) and dark (black) periods, and the light and dark periods are indicated by white and gray backgrounds, respectively. When the light/dark cycle was delayed by 8 h, (a) the rd mice in the PBS control group were capable of reentraining to the light/dark cycle, and they took 4.67 ± 0.79 days to complete the synchronization with the shifted cycle. (b) The rd mice in the 100 ng/ μ l group and (c) the rd mice in the 200 ng/ μ l group required 7.90 ± 0.55 days and 11.00 ± 0.79 days to complete the synchronization with the new light/dark cycle, respectively, indicating slower reentrainment. (d) The wild-type mice took 3.67 ± 0.29 days to complete the synchronization with the shifted cycle, and the locomotor activity of the wild-type mice was more robust than that of the rd mice. ∗ represents the day delay in the time of lights on and lights off. (e) The differences in the number of days needed for reentrainment were not statistically significant between the rd mice in the PBS control group and the wild-type group (two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's LSD post hoc test, P > 0.05). The number of days required for reentrainment were significantly increased in the 100 ng/ μ l and 200 ng/ μ l groups when compared with the PBS control group (two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's LSD post hoc test, P < 0.01). ∗ P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: The free-floating retinas were incubated in a blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 and 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS) for 1 hour at room temperature and were then incubated with a primary melanopsin antibody (polyclonal rabbit anti-melanopsin; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA) at 1:500 dilution in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100/5% bovine serum albumin for 72 hours at 4°C.

    Techniques: Injection, Control, Activity Assay